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About The Black
Bear
Many people don't realize just how big
black bears are. A mature adult male can measure up to 190 cm (6 ft) in length,
and weigh anywhere from 120 to 300 kg (250 to 650 lbs). Females can weigh up to
180 kg (400 lbs).
While we tend to think of bears as
herbivores, eating berries, nuts, roots, shoots and leaves, black bears are
actually omnivores that will eat just about anything, including carrion and
smaller animals. Black bears are opportunistic, which means they will do what
they have to and go where they must, to find food. In what biologists call "a
good food year," when generous rainfall and cool weather lead to lush berry
crops, bears live on what nature provides. In early spring, on emerging from
hibernation, they eat willow catkins, grasses, dandelions and aspen leaves.
When they can, they augment this diet with protein sources such as fish,
winter-killed animals and sometimes newborn fawns or moose calves. In summer,
they eat raspberries, blueberries, chokecherries and various currants and tree
berries as they become available, looking to ant colonies and bee and wasp
nests for sources of protein. In fall, they favour hazelnuts, mountain ash
berries, acorns and beechnuts. Bears will feed for 20 hours a day, consuming
enormous quantities of food, driven by a biological imperative to put on as
much weight as possible in preparation for the coming winter hibernation.
The Bear
Facts
Take Precautions When Hiking North
on the Trail
The following article first appeared on page 21 of
the Bruce Trail News, Autumn 2001 edition and is published here with permission
from the author. A link to another article about bears in Ontario appears at
the bottom of this page.
Two high profile incidents have
recently garnered a lot of attention in Bruce County - the ransacking of a
Stokes Bay bakery by a bear and a $100 bounty a Sauble Beach beekeeper placed
on the bears vandalizing his hives. In defense of the bears, 1) who could
resist the aroma of blueberry baked goods wafting through the forest and 2) are
images of bears and honey not rather synonymous?
In all seriousness, bear sightings are
on the rise from Meaford up to the tip of the Peninsula. Bears are permanent
members of the region's wildlife and we humans have to take certain precautions
and respect their presence.
When travelling in bear country, hikers
are reminded of the following:
- Most black bears will leave before you are even
aware of them.
- Make noise on the Trail - sing or talk loudly or
carry a noisemaker.
- Use extra caution when travelling near water or
into strong winds as the bear may not hear you approach.
- Use caution near natural bear foods such as
berries, nut crops and fish.
- Stay away from any dead animals you find along
the Trail. Bears defend carcasses.
- Watch for bear signs such as tracks, scat (bear
droppings), fresh diggings and large overturned rocks.
If you happen to encounter a bear on
the Trail, stop and face it. The worse thing you can do - and probably your
first instinct - is to turn and run. If luck is with you, you'll be hiking in a
group. Ensure the bear has an escape route and then begin to yell and wave your
arms. You want to appear like you are a threat to the bear. Slowly back away
from the animal. If bold, the bear may charge. Greater than 90% of all charges
are bluffs but you want to be prepared. Your last possible course of action is
to physically attack the bear with anything you have in your presence.
Be alert when on the Trail. Chances are
very slim that you will ever come face to face with a bear and your best
defense is to stay calm and rational. I'll end with the good news. For every
fatal bear attack in North America, there are 17 deaths from spiders, 25 from
snakes, 67 from dogs, 180 from bees/wasps and 374 deaths from lightning. My
last piece of advice is to take shelter during the storm!
... by Joy Black, Bruce
Trail News editor
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